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Eukaryotic cells are able to sense chemical gradients in a wide range ofenvironments. We show that, if a cell is exposed to a highly variableenvironment, it may gain chemotactic accuracy by expressing multiple receptortypes with varying affinities for the same signal, as found commonly inchemotaxing cells like Dictyostelium. As environment uncertainty is increased,there is a transition between cells preferring a single receptor type and amixture of types - hedging their bets against the possibility of an unfavorableenvironment. We predict the optimal receptor affinities given a particularenvironment. In chemotaxing, cells may also integrate their measurement overtime. Surprisingly, time-integration with multiple receptor types isqualitatively different from gradient sensing by a single type -- cells mayextract orders of magnitude more chemotactic information than expected by naivetime integration. Our results show when cells should express multiple receptortypes to chemotax, and how cells can efficiently interpret the data from thesereceptors.

Chemotaxis in uncertain environments: hedging bets with multiple receptor types