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The expansion of plasma with non-parallel temperature and density gradients,and the generation of magnetic field via the Biermann battery is modeled usingparticle-in-cell simulations that include collisional effects via Monte Carlomethods. A scaling of the degree of collisionality shows that an anisotropy canbe produced, and drive the Weibel instability, for gradient scales shorter thanthe mean free path. For larger collision rates, the Biermann battery dominatesas the cause of magnetic field generation. When the most energetic particlesremain collisionless, the Nernst effect causes the Biermann field to be draggedwith the heat flux, piled up, and enhanced.

The effects of collisions on the generation and suppression of temperature anisotropies and the Weibel instability