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We investigate the stability of vortices in two-dimensional Bose--Einsteincondensates. In analogy with rotating spacetimes and with a careful account ofboundary conditions, we show that the dynamical instability of multiplyquantized vortices in trapped condensates persists in untrapped, spatiallyhomogeneous geometries and has an ergoregion nature with some modification dueto the peculiar dispersion of Bogoliubov sound. Our results open newperspectives to the physics of vortices in trapped condensates, where multiplyquantized vortices can be stabilized by interference effects and singly chargedvortices can become unstable in suitably designed trap potentials. We show howsuperradiant scattering can be observed also in the short-time dynamics ofdynamically unstable systems, providing an alternative point of view ondynamical (in)stability phenomena in spatially finite systems.

Ergoregion instabilities in rotating two-dimensional Bose--Einstein condensates: new perspectives on the stability of quantized vortices