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The magneto-optical response of Fe and Ni during ultrafast demagnetization isstudied experimentally and theoretically. We have performed pump-probeexperiments in the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) geometryusing photon energies that cover the M-absorption edges of Fe and Ni between 40to 72 eV. The asymmetry was detected by measuring the reflection of light fortwo different orientations of the sample magnetization. Density functionaltheory (DFT) wasused to calculate the magneto-optical response of differentmagnetic configurations, representing different types of excitations:long-wavelength magnons, short wavelength magnons, and Stoner excitations. Inthe case of Fe, we find that the calculated asymmetry is strongly dependent onthe specific type of magnetic excitation. Our modelling also reveals thatduring remagnetization Fe is, to a reasonable approximation, described bymagnons, even though small non-linear contributions could indicate some degreeof Stoner excitations as well. In contrast, we find that the calculatedasymmetry in Ni is rather insensitive to the type of magnetic excitations.However, there is a weak non-linearity in the relation between asymmetry andthe off-diagonal component of the dielectric tensor, which does not originatefrom the modifications of the electronic structure. Our experimental andtheoretical results thus emphasize the need of considering a coupling betweenasymmetry and magnetization that may be more complex that a simple linearrelationship. This insight is crucial for the microscopic interpretation ofultrafast magnetization experiments.

Analysis of the linear relationship between asymmetry and magnetic moment at the M-edge of 3d transition metals