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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the education systemworldwide that was responding with a sudden shift to distance learning. Variousphysics courses such as lectures, tutorials, and the laboratories had to betransferred into online formats rapidly, resulting in a variety ofsimultaneous, asynchronous, and mixed activities. To investigate how physicsstudents perceived the sudden shift to online learning, we developed aquestionnaire and gathered data from N = 578 physics students from fiveuniversities in Germany, Austria, and Croatia. In this article, we report howthe problem-solving sessions (recitations) and laboratories were adapted, howstudents' judge different formats of the courses and how useful and effectivethey perceive them. The results are correlated to the students' self-efficacyratings and other behavioral measures (such as self-regulated learning skills)and demographics. In a related article, we focus on the online physics lecturesand compare simultaneous vs. asynchronous teaching and learning methods (n.n.).We find that good communication abilities and self-organization skills arepositively correlated for perceived learning achievement. Furthermore, theprevious duration of studies had a significant impact on the students'perceived overall learning achievement, on the students' acquisition ofexperimental skills during the physics laboratories, and on their assessment ofthe recitations' effectiveness. That is, students in their first academic yearshow consistently lower scores than more progressed students. For the physicslaboratories, it was found that gathering real data was crucial to theacquisition of experimental skills and the reinforcement of content. For thephysics recitations, handing in own solutions for feedback was correlated withperceived effectiveness. We draw conclusions and implications for future onlineclasses.

physical review. physics education research

Studying physics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student assessments of  learning achievement, perceived effectiveness of online recitations, and  online laboratories