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Module Analysis for Multiple-Choice Responses (MAMCR) was applied to a largesample of Force Concept Inventory (FCI) pretest and post-test responses($N_{pre}=4509$ and $N_{post}=4716$) to replicate the results of the originalMAMCR study and to understand the origins of the gender differences reported ina previous study of this data set. When the results of MAMCR could not bereplicated, a modification of the method was introduced, Modified ModuleAnalysis (MMA). MMA was productive in understanding the structure of theincorrect answers in the FCI, identifying 9 groups of incorrect answers on thepretest and 11 groups on the post-test. These groups, in most cases, could bemapped on to common misconceptions used by the authors of the FCI to createdistactors for the instrument. Of these incorrect answer groups, 6 of thepretest groups and 8 of the post-test groups were the same for men and women.Two of the male-only pretest groups disappeared with instruction while thethird male-only pretest group was identified for both men and womenpost-instruction. Three of the groups identified for both men and women on thepost-test were not present for either on the pretest. The rest of theidentified incorrect answer groups did not represent misconceptions, but wererather related to the the blocked structure of some FCI items where multipleitems are related to a common stem. The groups identified had little relationto the gender unfair items previously identified for this data set, andtherefore, differences in the structure of student misconceptions between menand women cannot explain the gender differences reported for the FCI.

Exploring the Structure of Misconceptions in the Force Concept Inventory with Modified Module Analysis