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Antiferromagnetic order, being a ground state of a number of exotic quantummaterials, is of immense interest both from the fundamental physics perspectiveand for driving potential technological applications. For a completeunderstanding of antiferromagnetism in materials, nanoscale visualization ofantiferromagnetic domains, domain walls and their robustness to externalperturbations is highly desirable. Here, we synthesize antiferromagnetic FeTethin films using molecular beam epitaxy. We visualize local antiferromagneticordering and domain formation using spin-polarized scanning tunnelingmicroscopy. From the atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopytopographs, we calculate local structural distortions to find a highcorrelation with the distribution of the antiferromagnetic order. This isconsistent with the monoclinic structure in the antiferromagnetic state.Interestingly, we observe a substantial domain wall change by small temperaturevariations, unexpected for the low temperature changes used compared to themuch higher antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of FeTe. This is in contrastto electronic nematic domains in the cousin FeSe multilayer films, where wefind no electronic or structural change within the same temperature range. Ourexperiments provide the first atomic-scale imaging of perturbation-drivenmagnetic domain evolution simultaneous with the ensuing structural response ofthe system. The results reveal surprising thermally-driven modulations ofantiferromagnetic domains in FeTe thin films well below the Neel temperature.

Nanoscale visualization of the thermally-driven evolution of antiferromagnetic domains in FeTe thin films