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Relaxor ferroelectrics are applied in electronic devices such as actuatorsand sonars. Morphotrophic phase boundaries (MPBs) with monoclinic structuresare known for their high piezoelectricity and electromechanical couplingfactors in solid solutions of PbTiO$_{3}$ and relaxor ferroelectrics(Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$, Nb$_{2/3}$)O$_{3}$ or Pb(Zn$_{1/3}$, Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_{3}$).However, the monoclinic structures related to polar nanosize domains (polarnanoregions) exhibiting the relaxor properties of dielectric dispersion havenot been reported. Using transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron x-rayscattering, we present the first observations of coexisting monoclinicstructures and polar nanoregions near the MPB inPb(Yb$_{1/2}$Nb$_{1/2}$)O$_{3}$-PbTiO$_{3}$. The polar nanoregions in thismaterial are randomly shaped, unlike the ferroelectric nanodomains of thecanonical relaxor Pb(Mg$_{1/3}$, Nb$_{1/3}$)O$_{3}$-PbTiO$_{1/3}$. Furthermore,in situ observations reveal that the monoclinic polar nanoregions grow as thetemperature decreases. A pair-distribution function analysis reveals a mixtureof monoclinic Pm and Cm structures in the polar nanoregions without therhombohedral structure of other Pb-based relaxor solid solutions. Owing to thepeculiar nature of the coexistence of the relaxor property (polar nanoregions)and high piezoelectricity (monoclinic structure), this material is expected asa new platform for understanding relaxor ferroelectricity.

Direct observation of monoclinic polar nanoregions in the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Yb$_{1/2}$Nb$_{1/2}$)O$_{3}$-PbTiO$_{3}$