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The crystal growth velocity is one thermodynamic parameter of solidificationexperiments of undercooled melts under non-equilibrium conditions, which isdirectly accessible to observation. We applied the electrostatic levitationtechnique in order to study the crystal growth velocity $v$ as a function ofthe undercooling $\Delta T$ for the intermetallic, congruently melting binaryalloy NiTi and the glass forming alloy Cu--Zr, as well as for the Zr-basedternary alloys (Cu$_{\mathrm{x}}$Ni$_{\mathrm{1-x}}$)Zr ($x= 0.7, 0.6$) and theNi-based ternary alloy Ni(Zr$_{\mathrm{x}}$Ti$_{\mathrm{1-x}}) (x= 0.5)$. Allinvestigated systems within this work, except the eutectics $Cu_{56}Zr_{44}$and $Cu_{46}Zr_{54}$, exceeded the hypercooling limit $\Delta T_{\mathrm{hyp}}$and, remarkably, every $v(\Delta T)$ relation changed significantly at $\DeltaT_{\mathrm{hyp}}$. Our results for glass forming CuZr indicate that theinfluence of the diffusion coefficient $D(T)$ on $v(\Delta T)$ at highundercoolings, as claimed in literature, cannot be the sole reason for theexistence of a maximum in the $v(\Delta T)$ behaviour. These observations couldmake a valuable contribution concerning an extension of growth theories toundercooling temperatures $\Delta T > \Delta T_{\mathrm{hyp}}$. Nevertheless,our finding has direct consequences to various disciplines, as our earth andall living beings are examples for non-equilibrium systems. The scatter of ourvelocity data is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than measurementsperformed by former works due to our experimental setup, which allowed precisecontactless triggering at a specific undercooling, and our analysis method,which considered the respective solidification morphologies.

Unexpected behaviour of the crystal growth velocity at the hypercooling limit