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We present a first-principles study of the surface magnetism induced by Cr,Mn, Fe and Co adatoms on the (111) surfaces of Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt and Au. Wefirst describe how the different contributions to the surface magnetism enterthe magnetic stray field, with special attention paid to the induced orbitalmoments. Then we present results for the spin and orbital magnetic moments ofthe adatoms, and for the induced surface spin and orbital magnetic moments, thelatter being further divided into atomic and inter-atomic contributions. Weinvestigate how the surface magnetism is determined by the chemical nature ofthe elements involved, such as the filling of the magnetic d-orbitals of theadatoms and the properties of the itinerant electrons at the surface (whetherthey are sp- or d-like, and whether the spin-orbit interaction is relevant),and how it is modified if the magnetic adatoms are brought together to form acluster, with Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co trimers on Pt(111) as an example. We alsoexplore the impact of computational approximations, such as the distancebetween the adatom and the Pt(111) surface, or confinement effects due to thefinite thickness of the slab used to model it. Our discussion of the magneticstray field generated by a single adatom and its environment suggests apossible way of disentangling the induced surface magnetism from the adatomone, which could be feasible with scanning NV-center microscopy.

Spin, atomic and inter-atomic orbital magnetism induced by 3d nanostructures deposited on transition metal surfaces