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We have grown untwinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) films on (110) MgOsubstrates that were pre-annealed at high temperature in oxygen atmosphere. Theannealing results in surface reconstruction with shallow facets, which inducethe suppression of the YBCO twinning domains, and the preferential alignment ofthe CuO chains along one of the in-plane directions of the substrate. Becauseof the large mismatch between the in-plane lattice parameters of film andsubstrate, the strain induced by the MgO into the YBCO layer is strong and verypeculiar. The YBCO film is compressed, with respect to the bulk, and presents aunidirectional buckling of the atomic planes, along the chains' direction, dueto a deformation of the copper-oxygen octahedra. The YBCO films, which can begrown with thicknesses down to few unit cells and oxygen doping levels spanningmost of the superconducting dome, are patterned into nanowires with dimensionsdown to 50 nm. The anisotropies due to the untwinning state are preserved inthese structures; moreover, additional anisotropies appear, in ultrathinstructures where strain effects become more pronounced. Such untwinned andcompressively strained films can therefore be used as a platform to study theinterplay between strain and the various local orders in the normal state ofYBCO.

Untwinned YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-\delta}$ thin films on MgO substrates: a platform to study strain effects on the local orders in cuprates