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Electronic phase separation is crucial for the fascinating macroscopicproperties of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) paradigm oxide interface, includingthe coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism. We investigate thisphenomenon using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) in thesoft-X-ray energy range, where the enhanced probing depth combined withresonant photoexcitation allow access to fundamental electronic structurecharacteristics (momentum-resolved spectral function, dispersions and orderingof energy bands, Fermi surface) of buried interfaces. Our experiment uses X-rayirradiation of the LAO/STO interface to tune its oxygen deficiency, building upa dichotomic system where mobile weakly correlated Ti t2g-electrons co-existwith localized strongly correlated Ti eg-ones. The ARPES spectra dynamics underX-ray irradiation shows a gradual intensity increase under constant Luttingercount of the Fermi surface. This fact identifies electronic phase separation(EPS) where the mobile electrons accumulate in conducting puddles with fixedelectronic structure embedded in an insulating host phase, and allows us toestimate the lateral fraction of these puddles. We discuss the physics of EPSinvoking a theoretical picture of oxygen-vacancy clustering, promoted by themagnetism of the localized Ti eg-electrons, and repelling of the mobilet2g-electrons from these clusters. Our results on the irradiation-tuned EPSelucidate the intrinsic one taking place at the stoichiometric LAO/STOinterfaces.

Electronic phase separation at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces tunable by oxygen deficiency