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Non-collinear, multi-q spin textures can give rise to exotic, topologicallyprotected spin structures such as skyrmions, but the reason for their formationover simple single-q structures is not well understood. While latticefrustration and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction are known to producenon-collinear spin textures, the role of electron itinerancy in multi-qformation is much less studied. Here we investigated the non-collinear, helicalspin structures in epitaxial films of the perovskite oxides SrFeO3 and CaFeO3using magnetotransport and resonant soft x-ray magnetic diffraction. MetallicSrFeO3 exhibits features in its magnetoresistance that are consistent with itsrecently proposed multi-q structure. Additionally, the magnetic Bragg peak ofSrFeO3 measured at the Fe L edge resonance energy asymmetrically broadens withdecreasing temperature in its multi-q state. In contrast, insulating CaFeO3 hasa symmetric scattering peak with an intensity 10x weaker than SrFeO3. Enhancedmagnetic scattering at O K edge prepeak energies demonstrates the role of anegative charge transfer energy and the resulting oxygen ligand holes in themagnetic ordering of these ferrates. By measuring magnetic diffraction ofCaFeO3/SrFeO3 superlattices with thick CaFeO3 layers, we find that the CaFeO3helical ordering is coherent across 1 unit cell-thick SrFeO3 layers but not 6unit cell-thick layers. We conclude that insulating CaFeO3 supports only asimple single-q helical structure in contrast to metallic SrFeO3 that hostsmulti-q structures. Our results provide important insight into the role ofelectron itinerancy in the formation of multi-q spin structures.

Itinerancy-dependent non-collinear spin textures in SrFeO3, CaFeO3, and CaFeO3/SrFeO3 heterostructures probed via resonant x-ray scattering