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Ferroelectric photovoltaic materials are an alternative tosemiconductor-based photovoltaics and offer the advantage of above bandgapphotovoltage generation. However, there are few known compounds, andphotovoltaic efficiencies remain low. Here, we report the discovery of aphotovoltaic effect in undoped lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate crystal anda significant improvement in the photovoltaic response under suitable electricfields and temperatures. The photovoltaic effect is maximum near theelectric-field-driven ferroelectric dipole reorientation, and increasesthreefold near the Curie temperature. Moreover, at ferroelectric saturation,the photovoltaic response exhibits clear remanent and transient effects. Thetransient-remanent combinations together with electric and thermal tuningpossibilities indicate photoferroelectric crystals as emerging elements forphotovoltaics and optoelectronics, relevant to all-optical information storageand beyond.

Photovoltaic effect and photopolarization in Pb[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.68Ti0.32]O3 crystal