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We report the first observations of beam losses due to bound-free pairproduction at the interaction point of a heavy-ion collider. This process isexpected to be a major luminosity limit for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)when it operates with 208Pb82+ ions because the localized energy deposition bythe lost ions may quench superconducting magnet coils. Measurements wereperformed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during operation with100 GeV/nucleon 63Cu29+ ions. At RHIC, the rate, energy and magnetic field arelow enough so that magnet quenching is not an issue. The hadronic showersproduced when the single-electron ions struck the RHIC beampipe were observedusing an array of photodiodes. The measurement confirms the order of magnitudeof the theoretical cross section previously calculated by others.

First observations of beam losses due to bound-free pair production in a heavy-ion collider