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We study the binding of a holon and a spinon in the one-dimensionalanisotropic t-J model using a Bethe-Salpeter equation approach, exactdiagonalization, and density matrix renormalization group methods on chains ofup to 128 sites. We find that holon-spinon binding changes dramatically as afunction of anisotropy parameter \alpha=J_\perp/J_z: it evolves from an exactlydeducible impurity-like result in the Ising limit to an exponentially shallowbound state near the isotropic case. A remarkable agreement between the theoryand numerical results suggests that such a change is controlled by thecorresponding evolution of the spinon energy spectrum.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, published versio

physical review letters

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Binding of Holons and Spinons in the One-Dimensional Anisotropict−JModel