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In a strongly nonlinear viscous granular chain under conditions of loadingthat exclude stationary waves (e.g., impact by a single grain) we observe apulse that consists of two interconnected but distinct parts. One is a leadingnarrow "primary pulse" with properties similar to a solitary wave in a "sonicvacuum." It arises from strong nonlinearity and discreteness in the absence ofdissipation, but now decays due to viscosity. The other is a broad, much morepersistent shock-like "secondary pulse" trailing the primary pulse and causedby viscous dissipation. The medium behind the primary pulse is transformed froma "sonic vacuum" to a medium with finite sound speed. When the rapidly decayingprimary pulse dies, the secondary pulse continues to propagate in the "sonicvacuum," with an oscillatory front if the viscosity is relatively small, untilits eventual (but very slow) disintegration. Beyond a critical viscosity thereis no separation of the two pulses, and the dissipation and nonlinearitydominate the shock-like attenuating pulse which now exhibits a nonoscillatoryfront

Observation of Two-Wave Structure in Strongly Nonlinear Dissipative Granular Chains