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The elementary topological T1 process in a two-dimensional foam correspondsto the "flip" of one soap film with respect to the geometrical constraints.  From a mechanical point of view, this T1 process is an elementary relaxationprocess through which the entire structure of an out-of-equilibrium foamevolves. The dynamics of this elementary relaxation process has been poorlyinvestigated and is generally neglected during simulations of foams. We studyboth experimentally and theoretically the T1 dynamics in a dry two-dimensionalfoam. We show that the dynamics is controlled by the surface viscoelasticproperties of the soap films (surface shear plus dilatational viscosity, ms+k,and Gibbs elasticity e), and is independent of the shear viscosity of the bulkliquid. Moreover, our approach illustrates that the dynamics of T1 relaxationprocess provides a convenient tool for measuring the surface rheologicalproperties: we obtained e = 32+/-8 mN/m and ms+k = 1.3+/-0.7 mPa.m.s for SDS,and e = 65+/-12 mN/m and ms+k = 31+/-12 mPa.m.s for BSA, in good agreement withvalues reported in the literature

physical review letters

Relaxation Time of the Topological<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>Process in a Two-Dimensional Foam

Relaxation Time of the TopologicalT1Process in a Two-Dimensional Foam