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It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the low energydensity of states $N(E)$ is described by a singular V-shape form$N(E)=N_0(H)+\alpha |E|+O(E^2)$ for all clean superconductors in a vortexstate, irrespective of the underlying gap structure. The linear term $\alpha|E|$ which has been not recognized so far is obtained by exactly evaluating thevortex contribution. Based on microscopic Eilenberger theory $N(E)$ isevaluated for isotropic gap, line and point node gaps to yield a V-shape$N(E)$. STS-STM experiments on NbSe$_2$ and YNi$_2$B$_2$C give direct evidencefor this. We provide arguments on significance of this finding and on relevanceto other experiments.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

physical review letters

Ubiquitous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math>-Shape Density of States in a Mixed State of Clean Limit Type II Superconductors

UbiquitousV-Shape Density of States in a Mixed State of Clean Limit Type II Superconductors