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The evolution of on-site number fluctuations of ultracold atoms in opticallattices is experimentally investigated by monitoring the suppression ofspin-changing collisions across the superfluid-Mott insulator transition. Forlow atom numbers, corresponding to an average filling factor close to unity,large on-site number fluctuations are necessary for spin-changing collisions tooccur. The continuous suppression of spin-changing collisions is thus a directevidence for the emergence of number-squeezed states. In the Mott insulatorregime, we find that spin-changing collisions are suppressed until a thresholdatom number, consistent with the number where a Mott plateau withdoubly-occupied sites is expected to form.Comment: 4 pages; 4 figure

Probing Number Squeezing of Ultracold Atoms across the Superfluid-Mott Insulator Transition