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We present the first experimental measurements of the isotropic and nematicphases of mixtures of thin, charged semiflexible fd virus, and thick, fd-PEGcreated by covalently grafting poly-(ethylene glycol) to the the surface of fd,rods. The fd-PEG is sterically stabilized and its phase behavior is independentof ionic strength. The fd is charged. Therefore, by varying the ionic strengthof a mixture of fd and fd-PEG, only the effective diameter of the bare fd rodschanges, subsequently varying the effective diameter ratio (d=D_fd-PEG/D_fd)from 3.7 to 1. In solution, binary mixtures of fd and fd-PEG are shown toexhibit isotropic-nematic, isotropic-nematic-nematic and nematic-nematiccoexisting phases with increasing concentration. We measure the binary phasediagrams as a function of composition, total concentration, and ionic strength.We find a lower critical point in the nematic-nematic coexistence region whichhas not been observed previously. These experimental results resolve acontroversy in the literature concerning the evolution of the nematic-nematicphase separation with concentration. The experimental results are qualitativelydescribed by a rescaled Onsager-type theory for the phase behavior of binaryrod mixtures.Comment: shorter version. submitted to PR

Nematic Phase Transitions in Mixtures of Thin and Thick Colloidal Rods