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Using a 2-1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code to simulate therelativistic expansion of a magnetized collisionless plasma into a vacuum, wereport a new mechanism in which the magnetic energy is efficiently convertedinto the directed kinetic energy of a small fraction of surface particles. Westudy this mechanism for both electron-positron and electron-ion (mi/me=100, meis the electron rest mass) plasmas. For the electron-positron case the pairscan be accelerated to ultra-relativistic energies. For electron-ion plasmasmost of the energy gain goes to the ions.Comment: 7 pages text plus 5 figures, accepted for publication by Physical  Review Letter

Particle Energization in an Expanding Magnetized Relativistic Plasma