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We present a phase diagram of the different kinds of congested traffic thatare triggered by disturbances when passing ramps or other spatialinhomogeneities of a freeway. The simulation results obtained by the nonlocal,gas-kinetic-based traffic model are in good agreement with empirical findigs.They allow to understand the observed trasitions between free and various kindsof congested traffic, among them localized clusters, stop-and-go waves, anddifferent types of ``synchronized'' traffic. The proposed conditions for theexistence of these states suggest that the phase diagram is universal for aclass of different microscopic and macroscopic traffic models.

Phase Diagram of Traffic States in the Presence of Inhomogeneities