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The penetration field H_p of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+delta} crystals is determinedfrom magnetization curves for different field sweep rates dH/dt andtemperatures. The obtained results are consistent with theoretical reports inthe literature about vortex creep over surface and geometrical barriers. Thefrequently observed low-temperature upturn of H_p is shown to be related tometastable configurations due to barriers for vortex entry. Data of the truelower critical field H_c1 are presented. The low-temperature dependence of H_c1is consistent with a superconducting state with nodes in the gap function.[PACS numbers: 74.25.Bt, 74.60.Ec, 74.60.Ge, 74.72.Hs

physical review letters

Lower Critical Field<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Barriers for Vortex Entry in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:…

Lower Critical FieldHc1and Barriers for Vortex Entry inBi2