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Measurements of the mean-square amplitude of thermally-induced fluctuationsof a thin layer of the nematic liquid crystal I52 subjected to a voltage V < Vcare reported. They yield the limit of stability Vc of the spatially uniformconduction state to infinitesimal perturbations. Localized long-livedconvecting structures known as worms form spontaneously from the fluctuationsfor V well below Vc. This, as well as measurements of the lifetime of theconduction state for V < Vc, suggests a thermally-activated mechanism of wormformation; but a theory for this non-potential system is lacking.Comment: 14 pages, RevTex, 5 eps figures include

Thermal Fluctuations, Subcritical Bifurcation, and Nucleation of Localized States in Electroconvection