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Neutron scattering from copper benzoate, Cu(C6D5COO)2 3D2O, provides thefirst direct experimental evidence for field-dependent incommensurate lowenergy modes in a one-dimensional spin S = 1/2 antiferromagnet. Soft modesoccur for wavevectors q=\pi +- dq(H) where dq(H) ~ 2 \pi M(H)/g\mu_B aspredicted by Bethe ansatz and spinon descriptions of the S = 1/2 chain.Unexpected was a field-induced energy gap $\Delta(H) \propto H^\alpha$, where$\alpha = 0.65(3)$ as determined from specific heat measurements. At H = 7 T(g\mu_B H/J = 0.52), the magnitude of the gap varies from 0.06 - 0.3 Jdepending on the orientation of the applied field.Comment: 11 pages, 5 postscript figures, LaTeX, Submitted to PRL 3/31/97,  e-mail comments to dhr@pha.jhu.ed

physical review letters

Direct Observation of Field-Induced Incommensurate Fluctuations in a One-Dimensional<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">S</mml:mi><mml:mspace /><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mspace /><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn /><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math>Antiferromagnet

Direct Observation of Field-Induced Incommensurate Fluctuations in a One-DimensionalS=1/2Antiferromagnet