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We present the first subpicosecond time-resolved temperature measurements of plasmas produced by high-intensity optical ionization. Thomson scattering is used to measure electron and ion temperatures of helium plasmas created by 125 fs, 800 nm laser pulses focused to an intensity of 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We find that the electron temperature is accurately predicted by a tunneling ionization model. The measured ion temperature is consistent with direct heating by the laser pulse.

Subpicosecond Thomson Scattering Measurements of Optically Ionized Helium Plasmas