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We report the first measurement of primary-cosmic-ray positrons above 5 GeV. Both ${e}^{+}$ and ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ fluxes were measured, using a balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. Background was suppressed using a new technique which combines both selective trigger and identification of bremsstrahlung photons created by ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ upon entering the instrument. If no positrons originate at cosmic-ray sources, our observed ratio $\frac{{e}^{+}}{({e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})}=0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ requires source protons to traverse 3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ of interstellar material.

Measurement of the Positron-Electron Ratio in the Primary Cosmic Rays from 5 to 50 GeV