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To build up a collective emission, the atoms in an ensemble must coordinatetheir behavior by exchanging virtual photons. We study this non-Markovianprocess in a subwavelength atom chain coupled to a one-dimensional (1D)waveguide and find that retardation is not the only cause of non-Markovianity.The other factor is the memory of the photonic environment, for which a singleexcited atom needs a finite time, the Zeno regime, to transition from quadraticdecay to exponential decay. In the waveguide setup, this crossover has a timescale longer than the retardation, thus impacting the development of collectivebehavior. By comparing a full quantum treatment with an approach incorporatingonly the retardation effect, we find that the field memory effect,characterized by the population of atomic excitation, is much more pronouncedin collective emissions than that in the decay of a single atom. Our resultsmaybe useful for the dissipation engineering of quantum information processingsbased on compact atom arrays.

Zeno Regime of Collective Emission: Non-Markovianity beyond Retardation