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We report the observation and control of ultrafast non-equilibrium many-bodyelectron dynamics in Rydberg-excited spatially-ordered ultracold atoms createdfrom a three-dimensional unity-filling atomic Mott insulator. By implementingtime-domain Ramsey interferometry with attosecond precision in our Rydbergatomic system, we observe picosecond-scale ultrafast many-body dynamics that isessentially governed by the emergence and evolution of many-body correlationsbetween long-range interacting atoms in an optical lattice. We analyze ourobservations with different theoretical approaches and find that quantumfluctuations have to be included beyond semi-classical descriptions to describethe observed dynamics. Our Rydberg lattice platform combined with an ultrafastapproach, which is robust against environmental noises, opens the door forsimulating strongly-correlated electron dynamics by long-range van der Waalsinteraction and resonant dipole-dipole interaction to the charge-overlappingregime in synthetic ultracold atomic crystals.

Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator