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This Letter reports the observation of $WWW$ production and a measurement ofits cross section using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recordedat a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large HadronCollider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at leasttwo jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. Amultivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal andbackground events. Events from $WWW$ production are observed with asignificance of 8.0 standard deviations, where the expectation is 5.4 standarddeviations. The inclusive $WWW$ production cross section is measured to be $820\pm 100\,\text{(stat)} \pm 80\,\text{(syst)}$ fb, approximately 2.6 standarddeviations from the predicted cross section of $511 \pm 18$ fb calculated atnext-to-leading-order QCD and leading-order electroweak accuracy.

Observation of $WWW$ Production in $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS Detector