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Symmetric anisotropic interaction can be ferromagnetic and antiferromagneticat the same time but for different crystallographic axes. We show that inducingcompetition of anisotropic interactions of orthogonal irreduciblerepresentations represents a general route to obtain new exotic magneticstates. We demonstrate it here by observing the emergence of a continuouslytunable 12-layer spatial spin modulation when distorting the square latticeplanes in the quasi-2D antiferromagnetic Sr2IrO4 under in situ shear strain.This translation-symmetry-breaking phase is a result of an unusual strainactivated anisotropic interaction which is at the 4th order and competing withthe inherent quadratic anisotropic interaction. Such a mechanism of competinganisotropy is distinct from that among the ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic,and/or the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, and it could be widelyapplicable and highly controllable in low dimensional magnets.

Controllable emergent spatial spin modulation in Sr2IrO4 by in situ shear strain