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Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) sensitive to light in theultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths are superconducting micro-resonatorsthat are capable of measuring photon arrival times to microsecond precision andestimating each photon's energy. The resolving power of non-membrane MKIDs hasremained stubbornly around 10 at 1 $\mu$m despite significant improvements inthe system noise. Here we show that the resolving power can be roughly doubledwith a simple bilayer design without needing to place the device on a membrane,avoiding a significant increase in fabrication complexity. Based on modeling ofthe phonon propagation, we find that the majority of the improvement comes fromthe inability of high energy phonons to enter the additional layer due to thelack of available phonon states.

Membrane-less phonon trapping and resolution enhancement in optical microwave kinetic inductance detectors