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Quantum measurements are basic operations that play a critical role in thestudy and application of quantum information. We study how the use of quantum,coherent, and classical thermal states of light in a circuit quantumelectrodynamics setup impacts the performance of quantum measurements, bycomparing their respective measurement backaction and measurement signal tonoise ratio per photon. In the strong dispersive limit, we find that thermallight is capable of performing quantum measurements with comparable efficiencyto coherent light, both being outperformed by single-photon light. We thenanalyze the thermodynamic cost of each measurement scheme. We show thatsingle-photon light shows an advantage in terms of energy cost per informationgain, reaching the fundamental thermodynamic cost.

Energetic cost of measurements using quantum, coherent, and thermal light