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One-dimensional (1D) subwavelength atom arrays display multiply excitedsubradiant eigenstates which are reminiscent of free fermions. So far, thesestates have been associated with subradiant states with decay rates $\proptoN^{-3}$, with N the number of atoms, which fundamentally prevents detection oftheir fermionic features by optical means. In this Letter, we show thatfree-fermion states generally appear whenever the band of singly excited stateshas a quadratic dispersion relation at the band edge and, hence, may also beobtained with radiant and even superradiant states. 1D arrays have free-fermionmultiply excited eigenstates that are typically either subradiant or(super)radiant, and we show that a simple transformation acts between the twofamilies. Based on this correspondence, we propose different means for theirpreparation and analyze their experimental signature in optical detection.

Free-Fermion Multiply Excited Eigenstates and Their Experimental Signatures in 1D Arrays of Two-Level Atoms