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Efficient production of nuclear isomers is critical for pioneeringapplications, like nuclear clocks, nuclear batteries, clean nuclear energy, andnuclear {\gamma}-ray lasers. However, due to small production cross sectionsand quick decays, it is extremely difficult to acquire a significant amount ofisomers with short lifetimes via traditional accelerators or reactors becauseof low beam intensity. Here, for the first time, we experimentally presentfemtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb excitation ofions with the quivering electrons induced by laser fields. Nuclei populated onthe third excited state of 83Kr are generated with a peak efficiency of2.34*10^15 particles=s from a tabletop hundred-TW laser system. It can beexplained by the Coulomb excitation of ions with the quivering electrons duringthe interaction between laser pulses and clusters at nearly solid densities.This efficient and universal production method can be widely used for pumpingisotopes with excited state lifetimes down to picoseconds, and could be abenefit for fields like nuclear transition mechanisms and nuclear {\gamma}-raylasers.

Femtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb collision of ions with quivering electrons