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The prompt production of the charm baryon $\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}$ and the $\rm\Lambda_{c}^{+}/\mathrm {D^0}$ production ratios were measured at midrapiditywith the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =5.02$TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the $\rm\Lambda_{c}^{+}/\mathrm {D^0}$ ratio with increasing transverse momentum($p_{\rm T}$) in both collision systems in the range $2<p_{\rm T}<12$ GeV/$c$,exhibiting similarities with the light-flavour baryon-to-meson ratios ${\rmp}/\pi$ and $\Lambda/\mathrm {K^0_S}$. At low $p_{\rm T}$, predictions thatinclude additional colour-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-colourapproximation; assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryonstates; or include hadronisation via coalescence can describe the data, whilepredictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ and $\mathrm {e^-p}$ collisions significantly underestimate the data.The results presented in this letter provide significant evidence that theestablished assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) ofparton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryonproduction in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.

$\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}$ production and baryon-to-meson ratios in pp and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV at the LHC