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Bloch states of electrons in honeycomb two-dimensional crystals withmulti-valley band structure and broken inversion symmetry have orbital magneticmoments of a topological nature. In crystals with two degenerate valleys, aperpendicular magnetic field lifts the valley degeneracy via a Zeeman effectdue to these magnetic moments, leading to magnetoelectric effects which can beleveraged for creating valleytronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate thattrilayer graphene with Bernal stacking, (ABA TLG) hosts topological magneticmoments with a large and widely tunable valley g-factor, reaching a value 1050at the extreme of the studied parametric range. The reported experimentconsists in sublattice-resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy underperpendicular electric and magnetic fields that control the TLG bands. Thetunneling spectra agree very well with the results of theoretical modeling thatincludes the full details of the TLG tight-binding model and accounts for aquantum-dot-like potential profile formed electrostatically under the scanningtunneling microscope tip.

Control of Giant Topological Magnetic Moment and Valley Splitting in Trilayer Graphene