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Mirror sectors have been proposed to address the problems of dark matter,baryogenesis, and the neutron lifetime anomaly. In this work we study a new,powerful probe of mirror neutrons: neutron star temperatures. When neutrons inthe neutron star core convert to mirror neutrons during collisions, thevacancies left behind in the nucleon Fermi seas are refilled by more energeticnucleons, releasing immense amounts of heat in the process. We derive a newconstraint on the allowed strength of neutron--mirror-neutron mixing fromobservations of the coldest (sub-40,000 Kelvin) neutron star, PSR 2144$-$3933.Our limits compete with laboratory searches for neutron--mirror-neutrontransitions but apply to a range of mass splittings between the neutron andmirror neutron that is 19 orders of magnitude larger. This heating mechanism,also pertinent to other neutron disappearance channels such as exotic neutrondecay, provides a compelling physics target for upcoming ultraviolet, opticaland infrared telescopes to study thermal emissions of cold neutron stars.

Smoke and mirrors: Neutron star internal heating constraints on mirror matter