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Impurity pinning has long been discussed to have a profound effect on thedynamics of an incommensurate charge density wave (CDW), which would otherwiseslide through the lattice without resistance. Here we visualize the impuritypinning evolution of the CDW in ZrTe3 using the variable temperature scanningtunneling microscopy (STM). At low temperatures, we observe a quasi-1Dincommensurate CDW modulation moderately correlated to the impurity positions,indicating a weak impurity pinning. As we raise the sample temperature, the CDWmodulation gets progressively weakened and distorted, while the correlationwith the impurities becomes stronger. Above the CDW transition temperature,short-range modulations persist with the phase almost all pinned by impurities.The evolution from weak to strong impurity pinning through the CDW transitioncan be understood as a result of losing phase rigidity.

Thermal dynamics of charge density wave pinning in ZrTe3