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First experimental results from a room-temperature table-top phase-sensitiveaxion haloscope experiment are presented. The technique exploits theaxion-photon coupling between two photonic resonator-oscillators excited in asingle cavity, allowing low-mass axions to be upconverted to microwavefrequencies, acting as a source of frequency modulation on the microwavecarriers. This new pathway to axion detection has certain advantages over thetraditional haloscope method, particularly in targeting axions below 1 $\mu$eV(240 MHz) in energy where high volume magnets are necessary. At the heart ofthe dual-mode oscillator, a tunable cylindrical microwave cavity supports apair of orthogonally polarized modes ($\text{TM}_{\text{0,2,0}}$ and$\text{TE}_{\text{0,1,1}}$), which, in general, enables simultaneoussensitivity to axions with masses corresponding to the sum and difference ofthe microwave frequencies. The results place axion exclusion limits between7.44 - 19.38 neV, excluding a minimal coupling strength above $3\times 10^{-3}$1/GeV, and between 74.4 - 74.5 $\mu$eV, excluding a minimal coupling strengthabove $10^{-2}$ 1/GeV, after a measurement period of two and a half hours. Weshow that a state-of-the-art frequency-stabilized cryogenic implementation ofthis technique may achieve competitive limits in a large range of axion-space.

physical review letters

UPconversion Loop Oscillator Axion Detection experiment: A precision  frequency interferometric axion dark matter search with a Cylindrical  Microwave Cavity