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We revisit the theory of the Kondo effect observed by a scanning-tunnelingmicroscope (STM) for transition-metal atoms (TMAs) on noble-metal surfaces,including $d$ and $s$ orbitals of the TMA, surface and bulk conduction statesof the metal, and their hoppingto the tip of the STM. Fitting theexperimentally observed STM differential conductance for Co on Cu(111)including both, the Kondo feature near the Fermi energy and the resonance belowthe surface band, we conclude that the STM senses mainly the Co $s$ orbital andthat the Kondo antiresonance is due to interference between states withelectrons in the $s$ orbital and a localized $d$ orbital mediated by theconduction states.

Theory of differential conductance of Co on Cu(111) including Co s and d orbitals, and surface and bulk Cu states