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Photon shot noise, arising from the quantum-mechanical nature of the light,currently limits the sensitivity of all the gravitational wave observatories atfrequencies above one kilohertz. We report a successful application of squeezedvacuum states of light at the GEO\,600 observatory and demonstrate for thefirst time a reduction of quantum noise up to $6.03 \pm 0.02$ dB in akilometer-scale interferometer. This is equivalent at high frequencies toincreasing the laser power circulating in the interferometer by a factor offour. Achieving this milestone, a key goal for the upgrades of the advanceddetectors, required a better understanding of the noise sources and losses, andimplementation of robust control schemes to mitigate their contributions. Inparticular, we address the optical losses from beam propagation, phase noisefrom the squeezing ellipse, and backscattered light from the squeezed lightsource. The expertise gained from this work carried out at GEO 600 providesinsight towards the implementation of 10 dB of squeezing envisioned forthird-generation gravitational wave detectors.

First demonstration of 6 dB quantum noise reduction in a kilometer scale gravitational wave observatory