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To quantify the fate of respiratory droplets under different ambient relativehumidities, direct numerical simulations of a typical respiratory event areperformed. We found that, because small droplets (with initial diameter of10um) are swept by turbulent eddies in the expelled humid puff, their lifetimegets extended by a factor of more than 30 times as compared to what issuggested by the classical picture by William F. Wells, for 50% relativehumidity. With increasing ambient relative humidity the extension of thelifetimes of the small droplets further increases and goes up to around 150times for 90% relative humidity, implying more than two meters advection rangeof the respiratory droplets within one second. Employing Lagrangian statistics,we demonstrate that the turbulent humid respiratory puff engulfs the smalldroplets, leading to many orders of magnitude increase in their lifetimes,implying that they can be transported much further during the respiratoryevents than the large ones. Our findings provide the starting points for largerparameter studies and may be instructive for developing strategies onoptimizing ventilation and indoor humidity control. Such strategies are key inmitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in the present autumn and upcoming winter.

Extended lifetime of respiratory droplets in a turbulent vapour puff and its implications on airborne disease transmission