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We report high-fidelity state readout of a trapped ion qubit using atrap-integrated photon detector. We determine the hyperfine qubit state of asingle $^9$Be$^+$ ion held in a surface-electrode rf ion trap by countingstate-dependent ion fluorescence photons with a superconducting nanowiresingle-photon detector (SNSPD) fabricated into the trap structure. The averagereadout fidelity is 0.9991(1), with a mean readout duration of 46 $\mu$s, andis limited by the polarization impurity of the readout laser beam and byoff-resonant optical pumping. Because there are no intervening optical elementsbetween the ion and the detector, we can use the ion fluorescence as aself-calibrated photon source to determine the detector quantum efficiency andits dependence on photon incidence angle and polarization.

State Readout of a Trapped Ion Qubit Using a Trap-Integrated Superconducting Photon Detector