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Migration of immune cells within the human body allows them to fulfill theirmain function of detecting pathogens. Adopting an optimal navigation and searchstrategy by these cells is of crucial importance to achieve an efficient immuneresponse. Analyzing the dynamics of dendritic cells in our in vitro experimentsreveals that the directional persistence of these cells is highly correlatedwith their migration speed, and that the persistence-speed coupling enables themigrating cells to reduce their search time. We introduce theoretically a newclass of random search optimization problems by minimizing the meanfirst-passage time (MFPT) with respect to the strength of the coupling betweeninfluential parameters such as speed and persistence length. We derive ananalytical expression for the MFPT in a confined geometry and verify that thecorrelated motion improves the search efficiency if the mean persistence lengthis sufficiently shorter than the confinement size. In contrast, a positivepersistence-speed correlation even increases the MFPT at long persistencelength regime, thus, such a strategy is disadvantageous for highly persistentactive agents.

Persistence-Speed Coupling Enhances the Search Efficiency of Migrating Immune Cells