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The observation of forward proton scattering in association with lepton pairs($e^+e^-+p$ or $\mu^+\mu^-+p$) produced via photon fusion is presented. Thescattered proton is detected by the ATLAS Forward Proton spectrometer while theleptons are reconstructed by the central ATLAS detector. Proton-protoncollision data recorded in 2017 at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$TeV are analyzed, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.6 fb$^{-1}$.A total of 57 (123) candidates in the $ee+p$ ($\mu\mu+p$) final state areselected, allowing the background-only hypothesis to be rejected with asignificance exceeding five standard deviations in each channel. Proton-taggingtechniques are introduced for cross-section measurements in the fiducialdetector acceptance, corresponding to $\sigma_{ee+p}$ = 11.0 $\pm$ 2.6 (stat.)$\pm$ 1.2 (syst.) $\pm$ 0.3 (lumi.) fb and $\sigma_{\mu\mu+p}$ = 7.2 $\pm$ 1.6(stat.) $\pm$ 0.9 (syst.) $\pm$ 0.2 (lumi.) fb in the dielectron and dimuonchannel, respectively.

Observation and measurement of forward proton scattering in association with lepton pairs produced via the photon fusion mechanism at ATLAS