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Spontaneous growth of long-wavelength deformations is a defining feature ofactive fluids with orientational order. We investigate the effect of biaxialrectangular confinement on the instability of initially shear-aligned 3Disotropic active fluids composed of extensile microtubule bundles and kinesinmolecular motors. Under confinement, such fluids exhibit finite-wavelengthself-amplifying bend deformations which grow in the plane orthogonal to thedirection of the strongest confinement. Both the instability wavelength and thegrowth rate increase with weakening confinement. These findings are consistentwith a minimal hydrodynamic model, which predicts that the fastest growingdeformation is set by a balance of active driving and elastic relaxation.Experiments in the highly confined regime confirm that the instabilitywavelength is set by the balance of active and elastic stresses, which areindependently controlled by the concentration of motors and non-motilecrosslinkers.

Confinement controlled bend instability of three-dimensional active fluids