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High Tc superconductors show a rich variety of phases associated with theircharge degrees of freedom. Valence charges can give rise to charge ordering oracoustic plasmons in these layered cuprate superconductors. While chargeordering has been observed for both hole- and electron-doped cuprates, acousticplasmons have only been found in electron-doped materials. Here, we useresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to observe the presence of acousticplasmons in two families of hole-doped cuprate superconductors [La2-xSrxCuO4(LSCO) and Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO6+d (Bi2201)], crucially completing the picture.Interestingly, in contrast to the quasi-static charge ordering which manifestsat both Cu and O sites, the observed acoustic plasmons are predominantlyassociated with the O sites, revealing a unique dichotomy in the behaviour ofvalence charges in hole-doped cuprates.

Detection of Acoustic Plasmons in Hole-Doped Lanthanum and Bismuth Cuprate Superconductors Using Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering