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Impact of a droplet on an undercooled surface is a complex phenomenon as itsimultaneously instigates several physical processes that cover a broadspectrum of transport phenomena and phase-transition. Here, we report andexplain an unexpected but highly relevant phenomenon of fingered growth of thesolid-phase. It emerges during the impact of a binary droplet that freezes fromthe outside prior to the impact on the undercooled surface. We establish thatthe presence of pre-solidified material at the advancing contact linefundamentally changes the resulting dynamics, namely by modifying the localflow mobility that leads to an instability analogous to viscous fingering.Moreover, we delineate the interplay between the interfacial deformations ofthe impacting droplet and patterned growth of the solid-phase as disconnectedpatterns emerge at faster impacts.

Pattern formation during the impact of a partially-frozen binary droplet on a cold surface